Signaling of Full Power Uplink MIMO Capability

ABSTRACT

According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device for transmitting on a plurality of antennas comprises signaling, to a network node, a wireless device power transmission capability. The wireless device power transmission capability identifies a power ratio value of a plurality of power ratio values that the wireless device supports for transmission of a physical uplink channel. Each value of the plurality of power ratio values corresponds to a transmission power capability and to a number of antenna ports. A power ratio refers to a ratio relative to a maximum power the wireless device is rated to transmit. The method further comprises transmitting a physical uplink channel using the number of antenna ports with a power scaled at least by the power ratio value.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to wirelesscommunications and, more particularly, to minimizing signaling of fullpower uplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capability.

BACKGROUND

Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according totheir ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless adifferent meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context inwhich it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus,component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referringto at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means,step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methodsdisclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact orderdisclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following orpreceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step mustfollow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, whereverappropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may applyto any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features,and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from thefollowing description.

The next generation mobile wireless communication system (5G) new radio(NR) supports a diverse set of use cases and a diverse set of deploymentscenarios. The latter includes deployment at both low frequencies (100sof MHz), similar to long term evolution (LTE) today, and very highfrequencies (mm waves in the tens of GHz).

5G NR also supports multiple-antenna transmission and reception. Whenmultiple-antenna techniques are used, it is generally desirable toprovide as much implementation freedom as possible so that differentdevices can be optimized for different use cases, form factors,construction cost, etc. Therefore, multiple-antenna operation in NR andLTE is described in terms of antenna ports. An antenna port is definedsuch that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port isconveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol onthe same antenna port is conveyed.

An antenna port in a multiple-antenna system can be formed bytransmitting the same reference signal on multiple transmit chains. Thereceived signal is a combination of the reference signal after ittravels through each radio channel corresponding to each of the antennasof the transmit chains, as illustrated in FIG. 1. The combined signalappears as though it were transmitted by a single antenna with combined,or “effective”, channel and is therefore described as a single “virtual”antenna. An example is illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating antenna virtualization. Theillustrated example includes two transmit antennas 12 and one receiveantenna 14.

When transmitting on two antennas 12, there may be a difference inrelative gain or phase. The difference in relative gain or phase isillustrated in FIG. 1 as the factor e, which can be expressed as acomplex number e=ge^(jϕ), where g is a positive real number representinggain and ϕ is a real number representing phase.

The effective channel may then be given by: h_(c)=h₁+eh₂, where h₁ andh₂ are complex numbers identifying the channels to first antenna 12 aand second antenna 12 b, respectively. The channels h₁ and h₂ will varyaccording to the frequency on which they are measured in the presence ofmultipath, and therefore vary among resource elements of an LTE or NRsignal. Similarly, e may vary across frequency, depending on the designof the user equipment (UE) transmit chains. Herein, channels aredescribed as complex scalars, focusing on a single resource element forpurposes of explanation.

If the factor e can be sufficiently well controlled, coherenttransmission across the two transmit chains is possible, and precodingor beamforming techniques can be used. Such techniques often set e toincrease the received power of the effective channel, where theeffective channel power may be described as p_(c)=|h_(c)|². Becausecoherent transmission facilitates greater received power, it is possibleto use power amplifiers with lower power capability than when using asingle antenna.

For example, assuming that the magnitudes of the two channels to the twoantennas are the same and e is selected such that received signal fromthe second antenna is in phase with the first, then the power is fourtimes higher than if the transmission were only on the first antenna,that is: |h₁+eh₂|²/|h₂|²=|2h₁|²/|h₁|²=4. Therefore, it is possible totransmit on each transmit chain with half power when using coherenttransmission and still obtain two times more power than single antennatransmission.

If the factor e cannot be sufficiently well controlled, coherenttransmission across the two transmit chains is not possible, butnon-coherent transmission may be used instead. For non-coherenttransmission, precoded transmissions on the two antennas do notnecessarily provide a power gain, and instead may actually destructivelycombine to reduce the total power. The power in the effective channel is|h₁+eh₂|=2|h₁|²−2Re(h₁*eh₂)+|eh₂|². If the term 2Re(h₁*eh₂)=|h₁|²α|h₂|²,then the received power is zero, while on the other hand if−2Re(h₁*eh₂)=|h₁|²+|h₂|², then the power is doubled.

Assuming again that the power in each of the channels to the antennas isthe same and that |e|²=1, the power gain over single antennatransmission is ((2|h₁|²−2Re{h₁*eh₂}))/|h₁|², which has a minimum valueof 0 and a maximum value of 4. Assuming the channels are uncorrelated,the ratio of the average power of the combined power to that of thefirst antenna is E{(2|h₁|²−2Re(h₁*eh₂))/|h₁|²}=(2|h₁|²)/|h₁|²=2.Therefore, if each antenna transmits at half power, and the channels areuncorrelated and equal power, the total power can be the same as when asingle antenna is used. On the other hand, if the antennas arecorrelated, the power could be greater than or less than a singleantenna, depending on the relative phase set by e.

The result is that some, but not all, UE implementations can transmit onN transmit chains with N power amplifiers whose maximum power rating isP_(max)/N, where P_(max) is the total power needed from the UE and thatwould need to be transmitted on a single transmit chain. UEimplementations such as those with correlated antennas (for examplethose with Re{h₁*eh₂}≠0), that transmit on multiple transmit chains mayproduce less combined power than P_(max) and so may require one or moreof the power amplifiers on its N transmit chains to have a maximum powerrating greater than P_(max)/N.

Multiple-antenna techniques can significantly increase the data ratesand reliability of a wireless communication system. The performance isin particular improved if both the transmitter and the receiver areequipped with multiple antennas, which results in a multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) communication channel. Such systems and/orrelated techniques are commonly referred to as MIMO.

A core component in Release 15 NR is the support of MIMO antennadeployments and MIMO related techniques. NR supports uplink MIMO with atleast four layer spatial multiplexing using at least four antenna portswith channel dependent precoding. The spatial multiplexing mode isintended for high data rates in favorable channel conditions. Anillustration of the spatial multiplexing operation is provided in FIG. 2where cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)is used on the uplink.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the transmission structure ofprecoded spatial multiplexing mode in NR. As illustrated, theinformation carrying symbol vectors is multiplied by an N_(T)×r precodermatrix W, which serves to distribute the transmit energy in a subspaceof the N_(T) (corresponding to N_(T) antenna ports) dimensional vectorspace.

The precoder matrix is typically selected from a codebook of possibleprecoder matrices and is typically indicated by a transmit precodermatrix indicator (TPMI), which specifies a unique precoder matrix in thecodebook for a given number of symbol streams. The r symbols in s eachcorrespond to a layer, and r is referred to as the transmission rank. Inthis way, spatial multiplexing is achieved because multiple symbols canbe transmitted simultaneously over the same time/frequency resourceelement (TFRE). The number of symbols r is typically adapted to suit thecurrent channel properties.

The received N_(R)×1 vector y_(n) for a certain TFRE on subcarrier n (oralternatively data TFRE number n) is thus modeled by

y _(n) =H _(n) Ws _(n) +e _(n)

where e_(n) is a noise/interference vector obtained as realizations of arandom process. The precoder W can be a wideband precoder, which isconstant over frequency, or frequency selective.

The precoder matrix W is often chosen to match the characteristics ofthe N_(R)×N_(T) MIMO channel matrix H_(n), resulting in what is referredto as channel dependent precoding. This is also commonly referred to asclosed-loop precoding and essentially strives for focusing the transmitenergy into a subspace which is strong in the sense of conveying much ofthe transmitted energy to the UE. In addition, the precoder matrix mayalso be selected to strive for orthogonalizing the channel, meaning thatafter proper linear equalization at the UE, the inter-layer interferenceis reduced.

One example method for a UE to select a precoder matrix W is to selectthe W_(k) that maximizes the Frobenius norm of the hypothesizedequivalent channel:

$\max\limits_{k}{{{\hat{H}}_{n}W_{k}}}_{F}^{2}$

where Ĥ_(n) is a channel estimate, possibly derived from a soundingreference signal (SRS), W_(k) is a hypothesized precoder matrix withindex k, and Ĥ_(n)W_(k) is the hypothesized equivalent channel.

In closed-loop precoding for the NR uplink, the transmit reception point(TRP) transmits, based on channel measurements in the reverse link(uplink), TPMI to the UE that the UE should use on its uplink antennas.The gNodeB configures the UE to transmit a SRS according to the numberof UE antennas it would like the UE to use for uplink transmission toenable the channel measurements. A single precoder that is supposed tocover a large bandwidth (wideband precoding) may be signaled.

Other information than TPMI is generally used to determine the uplinkMIMO transmission state, such as SRS resource indicators (SRIs) as wellas transmission rank indicator (TRIs). These parameters, as well as themodulation and coding state (MCS), and the uplink resources where thephysical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is to be transmitted, are alsodetermined by channel measurements derived from SRS transmissions fromthe UE. The transmission rank, and thus the number of spatiallymultiplexed layers, is reflected in the number of columns of theprecoder W. For efficient performance, selecting a transmission rankthat matches the channel properties is important.

NR also supports non-codebook based transmission/precoding for PUSCH inaddition to codebook based precoding. For non-codebook basedtransmission/precoding, a set of SRS resources are transmitted whereeach SRS resource corresponds to one SRS port precoded by a precoderselected by the UE. The gNB can then measure the transmitted SRSresources and feedback to the UE one or multiple SRS resource indication(SRI) to instruct the UE to perform PUSCH transmission using theprecoders corresponding to the referred SRS resources. The rank in thiscase is determined from the number of SRIs fed back to the UE.

By configuring the UE with the higher layer parameter SRS-AssocCSIRS andwith the higher layer parameter ulTxConfig set to ‘NonCodebook’, the UEmay be configured with a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS to utilizereciprocity to create the precoders used for SRS and PUSCH transmission.Thus, by measuring on the specified CSI-RS, the UE is able to performgNB transparent precoding based on reciprocity.

Another mode of operation is to instead let the UE choose the precoderssuch that each SRS resource corresponds to one UE antenna. Thus, in thiscase the SRS resource is transmitted from one UE antenna at a time andthe SRIs would hence correspond to different antennas. Accordingly, bychoosing the UE precoders like this the gNB is able to perform antennaselection at the UE by referring to the different SRIs which in turncorrespond to different antennas.

To summarize, non-codebook based precoding includes both antennaselection and gNB transparent reciprocity based precoding.

NR also includes coherence capabilities. Release 15 NR defines UEcapabilities for full coherence, partial coherence, and non-coherenttransmission. These correspond to where all transmit chains, pairs oftransmit chains, or none of the transmit chains have sufficiently wellcontrolled relative phase for codebook based operation.

Full coherence, partial coherence, and non-coherent UE capabilities areidentified according to the terminology of Third Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) technical specification (TS) 38.331 version 15.0.1 as‘fullAndPartialAndNonCoherent’, ‘partialCoherent’, and ‘nonCoherent’,respectively. This terminology is used because a UE supporting fullycoherent transmission is also capable of supporting partial andnon-coherent transmission and because a UE supporting partially coherenttransmission is also capable of supporting non-coherent transmission.

A UE can be configured to transmit using a subset of the uplink MIMOcodebook that can be supported with its coherence capability. In 38.214section 6.1.1, the UE can be configured with higher layer parameterULCodebookSubset, which can have values ‘fullAndPartialAndNonCoherent’,‘partialAndNonCoherent’, and ‘nonCoherent’, indicating that the UE usessubsets of a codebook that can be supported by UEs with fully coherent,partially coherent, and non-coherent transmit chains.

Sounding reference signals are used for a variety of purposes in LTE andare expected to serve even more purposes in NR. One primary use for SRSis for uplink channel state estimation, facilitating channel qualityestimation to enable uplink link adaptation (including determination ofwhich MCS state the UE should transmit with) and/or frequency-selectivescheduling. In the context of uplink MIMO, SRS may also be used todetermine precoders and a number of layers that will provide good uplinkthroughput and/or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) whenthe UE uses them for transmission on its uplink antenna array.Additional uses include power control, uplink timing advance adjustment,beam management, and reciprocity-based downlink precoding.

Unlike LTE Release 14, at least some NR UEs may be capable oftransmitting multiple SRS resources. This is similar conceptually tomultiple CSI-RS resources on the downlink. An SRS resource comprises oneor more antenna ports, and the UE may apply a beamformer and/or aprecoder to the antenna ports within the SRS resource such that they aretransmitted with the same effective antenna pattern. A primarymotivation for defining multiple SRS resources in the UE is to supportanalog beamforming in the UE where a UE can transmit with a variety ofbeam patterns, but only one at a time. Such analog beamforming may haverelatively high directivity, especially at the higher frequencies thatcan be supported by NR.

In NR, the SRS sequence is a UE-specifically configured Zadoff-Chu basedsequence and an SRS resource consists of 1, 2 or 4 antenna ports.Another feature supported by NR is repetition of symbols within theresource with factor 1, 2 or 4. This means that the transmission may beextended to multiple orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM)symbols which is intended for improving the uplink coverage of the SRS.An SRS resource always spans 1, 2 or 4 adjacent OFDM symbols and allports are mapped to each symbol of the resource. SRS resources aremapped within the last 6 OFDM symbols of an uplink slot. SRS resourcesare mapped on either every second or every fourth subcarrier, that iswith comb levels either 2 or 4. SRS resources are configured in SRSresource sets which contain one or multiple SRS resources.

NR also includes uplink power control. Setting output power levels oftransmitters (e.g., base stations in downlink and mobile stations inuplink) in mobile systems is commonly referred to as power control (PC).Objectives of power control include improved capacity, coverage,improved system robustness, and reduced power consumption.

In LTE, power control mechanisms can be categorized in to the groups (i)open-loop, (ii) closed-loop, and (iii) combined open- and closed-loop.These differ in what input is used to determine the transmit power. Inthe open-loop case, the transmitter measures a signal sent from thereceiver, and sets its output power based on the measurement. In theclosed-loop case, the receiver measures the signal from the transmitter,and based on the measurement sends a transmit power control (TPC)command to the transmitter, which then sets its transmit poweraccordingly. In a combined open- and closed-loop scheme, both inputs areused to set the transmit power.

In systems with multiple channels between the terminals and the basestations (e.g., traffic and control channels) different power controlprinciples may be applied to the different channels. Using differentprinciples yields more freedom in adapting the power control principleto the needs of individual channels. The drawback is increasedcomplexity of maintaining several principles.

There currently exist certain challenges. For example, UEs are requiredto transmit at their rated power, but may do so in a variety of ways.UEs may use sufficiently large power amplifiers (PAs) such that eachtransmit chain can deliver the full power. Alternatively, UEs canvirtualize their antennas, as described above, where multiple transmitchains transmit the same PUSCH layer to form an antenna port. Thevirtualization enables UEs to combine the power of their transmitchains, facilitating use of lower power PAs. Virtualization, however,can be more or less difficult to use depending on how correlated orcoupled the antennas are in the transmit chains, and how similar theirantenna patterns are.

In Release 15 NR and in LTE, the power that UEs are required to transmitmay vary according to the rank and according to the precoder used. Forexample, some precoders that transmit on one port will be allowed to betransmitted at a power level P_(cmax)/N when the UE is configured N SRSports in uplink MIMO operation. On the other hand, these same UEs whenconfigured for single antenna port operation are required to transmit atthe rated power of P_(cmax).

Therefore, one approach is to have one full power PA and the remainingPAs support P_(cmax)/N_(TX), where N_(TX) is the number of transmitchains in the UE, or equivalently in Release 15, the maximum number ofSRS ports in an SRS resource supported by the UE. UEs that supportvirtualization may instead use PAs that are all less than the ratedpower, for example where all transmit chains have PAs that supportP_(cmax)/N_(TX). In this case, single antenna port operation requiresthat all Tx chains are virtualized together.

Still other UEs may not be able to virtualize all of their antennas, butcan virtualize antenna subsets, for example pairs of antennas. In thiscase, such a UE could have transmit chains with maximum powers2·P_(cmax)/N_(TX). The cost of PAs also varies according to how commonthe rated power is and according to the maximum power, operating band,etc. Therefore, the PA powers selected can vary for a wide variety ofreasons.

It is therefore desirable to support many different PA powercombinations in NR specifications, delivering as much power as possiblefor the given configuration. It is in theory possible to specify a largelist enumerating the exact power of each transmit chain used by the UE.However, identifying a large number of combinations requires a largeamount of signaling overhead, especially if the UE must report the powercapability for each combination of uplink carriers it supports in eachband that it supports. Furthermore, disclosing the exact power level ofeach transmit chain in the UE is undesirable, because this may limitwhich transmit chains the UE may virtualize, and moreover forces the UEto use particular power amplifier configurations.

Therefore, one problem is how to indicate UE uplink MIMO powercapability using a minimal amount of signaling while maximizing UEimplementation freedom. One approach is to identify TPMIs for which fullpower is supported, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Rank-1 Rank-2 Rank-3 Codebook subset of — — nonCoherent with 2TxCodebook subset of nonCoherent with 4Tx Codebook subset of‘partialAndNonCoherent’ Or ‘fullyAndPartialAndNon Coherent’ with 4Tx

As one example, 10 bits is required according to this proposal, forexample, when the UE indicates if it can support full power for each ofthe 10 precoders in the third row of Table 1 “Codebook subset of‘partialAndNonCoherent’ or ‘fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent’ with 4Tx”,where one bit corresponds to each precoder. Given that UE capability foruplink MIMO is specified per band per band combination in Release 15, 10bits is relatively large.

A further drawback with the proposal is that it indicates specificantenna ports that support full power. The rank 1 precoders have asingle unity value which implies full power on a specific antenna port.

Another drawback of the proposal is that UEs only identify if aparticular precoder transmits the rated power or not. If a non-coherentUE with 4 transmit chains indicates support for a rank 2 precoder withfull power, then two transmit chains may be expected to be capable oftransmitting with at least half power on their respective ports.However, if the same UE transmits rank 1, it is unclear which antennaports, if any, would be able to transmit at half power, rather than the1/4 power expected from Release 15. In other words, the solutiondescribed above indicates if a TPMI can transmit with full power or not,but does not indicate if a TPMI can transmit with other power levels,for example, half power or a quarter of the power.

SUMMARY

Based on the description above, certain challenges currently exist withtransmitting on a plurality of antennas. Certain aspects of the presentdisclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or otherchallenges. For example, particular embodiments include power scalingmechanisms to support full power uplink multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) transmission for user equipment (UEs) only capable ofnon-coherent operation. The supported power scaling values are signaledvia UE capability either as ratios in a power scaling equation, or as asubset of transmit precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs) supporting fullpower operation, or a combination of a power scaling value and the TPMIthat supports the power scaling value.

Some embodiments include transmission power capability using powerratios supported by the UE. According to some embodiments, a methodperformed by a wireless device for transmitting on a plurality ofantennas comprises signaling, to a network node, a wireless device powertransmission capability. The wireless device power transmissioncapability identifies a power ratio value of a plurality of power ratiovalues that the wireless device supports for transmission of a physicaluplink channel. Each value of the plurality of power ratio valuescorresponds to a transmission power capability and to a number ofantenna ports. A power ratio refers to a ratio relative to a maximumpower the wireless device is rated to transmit. The method furthercomprises transmitting a physical uplink channel using the number ofantenna ports with a power scaled at least by the power ratio value.

Some embodiments use power scaling with a minimum function to nottransmit above P_(CMAX), and scales according to the number of soundingreference signal (SRS) ports associated with the power ratio. Inparticular embodiments, the method further comprises scaling atransmission power for the physical uplink channel based on the numberof antenna ports associated with the power ratio value. The scaling maybe limited so that the scaled transmission power does not exceed themaximum value the wireless device is rated to transmit. The scaling maybe by a factor

${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}},$

wherein Δ(k) is a power ratio value and a real positive real number,N_(nz) is a number of antenna ports with non-zero transmission powerused to transmit the physical uplink channel, and N_(SRS) is a number ofantenna ports and a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports inan SRS resource with index k configured to the wireless device.

In some embodiments, the power scaling capability identifies a powerratio associated with rank and TPMI. In particular embodiments, thetransmission power capability identifies a plurality of power ratiovalues, each associated with a number of physical uplink channel layers,a precoder to be used to transmit the physical uplink channel, and thenumber of antenna ports. In some embodiments, power ratios are jointlyencoded. The transmission power capability may identify a plurality ofpower ratio values, each associated with a different number of antennaports. In some embodiments, power scaling is further associated withcoherence capability of the UE. The transmission power capability maycorrespond to a codebook subset. The subset is identified as containingat least one of fully and partial and non-coherent precoders, partialand non-coherent precoders, and non-coherent precoders.

In some embodiments, a second power ratio may be associated with a TPMI.In particular embodiments, the transmission power capability furthercomprises a second power ratio of the plurality of power ratio valuesand a precoder that the wireless device may use for physical uplinkchannel transmission with the power scaled by the second power ratio andwith the number of antenna ports.

In some embodiments, only a subset of TPMIs in TPMI capability signalingcan support full power. A UE implementation can remap its PAs to match.Rel-15 or Rel-15-like scaling may be used for non-full power TPMIs.According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless devicefor transmitting on a plurality of antennas comprises receiving anindication of a precoder to be used to transmit a physical uplinkchannel. The precoder is one precoder of a set of precoders. Eachprecoder in the set of precoders is a matrix or vector comprising anequal number of non-zero elements. A first precoder in the set ofprecoders is able to be associated with a first power scaling value or asecond power scaling value, and a second precoder in the set ofprecoders is only able to be associated with the second power scalingvalue. The method further comprises transmitting a layer i of an L layerphysical uplink channel at a power P_(i) according to the first orsecond power scaling value associated with the precoder.

In particular embodiments, the first power scaling value is P_(i)=P/L,where P is the total power to be used for physical uplink channeltransmission, and the second power scaling value is P_(i)=PR/L, whereR=M/K, M is a number of antenna ports with non-zero physical uplinkchannel transmission. K is one of: a maximum number of physical uplinkchannel layers supported by the wireless device, a number of antennaports used in a codebook configured for the wireless device, a maximumrank configured to the wireless device, and a number of SRS portsconfigured to the wireless device for one or both of codebook andnon-codebook based operation.

In some embodiments, all TPMIs in the full power TPMIs transmit on atleast one same antenna port. In particular embodiments, each precoder inthe set of precoders associated with the second power scaling valuecontains a non-zero magnitude element corresponding to an antenna portshared by the precoders associated with the second power scaling value.

In some embodiments, a UE maps strongest transmit chain to the sameantenna port, and a weaker transmit chain to a different port. Inparticular embodiments, the method further comprises transmitting afirst reference signal corresponding to the antenna port shared by theprecoders associated with the second power scaling value using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting at least at the maximum power thewireless device is rated to transmit, and transmitting a secondreference signal corresponding to a second antenna port using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting less than maximum power the wirelessdevice is rated to transmit, wherein the second antenna port isdifferent from the antenna port shared by the precoders associated withthe second power scaling value.

According to some embodiments, a wireless device is capable oftransmitting on a plurality of antennas. The wireless device comprisesprocessing circuitry operable to perform any of the wireless devicemethods described above.

Also disclosed is a computer program product comprising a non-transitorycomputer readable medium storing computer readable program code, thecomputer readable program code operable, when executed by processingcircuitry to perform any of the methods performed by the wireless devicedescribed above.

Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technicaladvantages. For example, in particular embodiments the transmissionpower capability signaling methods use a reduced amount of signalingoverhead as compared to other approaches, as well as conveying moreprecise information of what transmission power the UE supports.Embodiments herein may also enable a UE to transmit higher power moreoften, because prior scaling mechanisms may overly restrict when UEs maytransmit at higher powers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and theirfeatures and advantages, reference is now made to the followingdescription, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating antenna virtualization;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the transmission structure ofprecoded spatial multiplexing mode in NR;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example wireless network;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example user equipment, according to certainembodiments;

FIG. 5 is flowchart illustrating an example method in a wireless device,according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating another example method in a wirelessdevice, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a wireless device in awireless network, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example virtualization environment, according tocertain embodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example telecommunication network connected via anintermediate network to a host computer, according to certainembodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates an example host computer communicating via a basestation with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection,according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented, according tocertain embodiments;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, according to certain embodiments; and

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, according to certain embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As described above, certain challenges currently exist with transmittingon a plurality of antennas. For example, specifying every possible powercombination is signaling intensive, while other mechanisms may overlyrestrict when user equipment (UEs) may transmit at higher powers.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments mayprovide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, particularembodiments include power scaling mechanisms to support full poweruplink multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission for UEs onlycapable of non-coherent operation. The supported power scaling valuesare signaled via UE capability either as ratios in a power scalingequation, or as a subset of transmit precoder matrix indicators (TPMIs)supporting full power operation, or a combination of a power scalingvalue and the TPMI that supports the power scaling value. An advantageof particular embodiments is that they convey uplink MIMO powertransmission capability for a UE using a minimum amount of informationwhile maximizing UE transmit chain and antenna implementationflexibility.

Particular embodiments are described more fully with reference to theaccompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained withinthe scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subjectmatter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments setforth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of exampleto convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

A first set of embodiments uses the UE's ability to map antenna ports totransmit chains. Each antenna port is identified by the physical uplinkshared channel (PUSCH) demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and/orsounding reference signal (SRS) transmitted on the antenna port.Therefore, a UE can map a transmit chain to any of its ports bytransmitting that port's corresponding reference signal.

For example, if a UE has a 23 dBm power amplifier (PA) on its secondtransmit chain, the UE can transmit antenna port 0 for SRS and for DMRSon the second transmit chain, thereby mapping it to antenna port 0. Theother 3 ports for a 4 transmit chain UE can be mapped in the same way,and with any combination. Therefore, the number of PA powerconfigurations needed to be specified can be reduced dramatically bysupporting each PA power combination with the power sorted from greatestto least, rather than allowing multiple PA power combinations.

For example, a 4 transmit chain UE with 2 full power and 2 1/4 power PAscan be represented with a capability supporting the two full power PAson the first and second antenna ports, as shown in Table 2. This may becontrasted with a design where the capability does not use a powerordering, shown in Table 3, where 6 different capabilities are needed.If a UE were to have PA powers mapped to its transmit chains accordingto power capabilities 2-6, embodiments supporting the power ordering inTable 2 map antenna ports such that the power capability is provided.

TABLE 2 PA power capability with power ordering 0 1 2 3 Power Capability#1 1 1 ¼ ¼

TABLE 3 Alternative PA power capability Power Antenna Port Capability #0 1 2 3 1 1 1 ¼ ¼ 2 1 ¼ 1 ¼ 3 1 ¼ ¼ 1 4 ¼ 1 1 ¼ 5 ¼ 1 ¼ 1 6 ¼ ¼ 1 1

Therefore, in some embodiments, a UE indicates its uplink MIMOtransmission power capability by selecting a power transmissioncapability from a set of power transmission capabilities. A capabilitycomprises a list of PA power value indications, where one valueindication is given for each of a number of antenna ports supported fortransmission by the UE.

A power value indication may be a power amplifier transmission powerlevel in dBm or in milliwatts. Alternatively, a power value indicationmay be a ratio relative to the maximum power the UE is rated totransmit. A member of the set comprises a unique combination of powervalue indications, such that the combination of power value indicationsis only present once in the member and not the other members in the setof power transmission.

In some embodiments, each member may have its value indications sorted.For example, in some embodiments each stronger power value precedes aweaker power value indication in the list. Alternatively, weaker valuescould precede stronger values in the list.

PA powers available in the market tend to be particular common values.Furthermore, UEs may use PAs that have higher power capabilities than isrequired. Therefore, a small number of different PA power values need tobe represented by the PA power value indications. Furthermore, the totaltransmission power of a UE is generally split evenly among uplink MIMOlayers and among antenna ports that the UE is actively transmittingupon.

Therefore, in some embodiments supporting up to 4 transmit antennas in aUE, the PA power value indications may include power ratios that are oneor more of the values in the set {1, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4}. Alternatively,if PA powers values are indicated as an absolute number such as dBm ormilliwatts, the power values may be a maximum power value scaled by theratio of one of the values of the set {1, 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4}, such as inTable 4.

TABLE 4 UE Capability List with PA powers indicated in dBm Antenna PAPower Capability Number Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4Port 0 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 20 17 17 Configuration 123 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 17 17 20 20 17 17 17 17 2 23 23 20 20 17 20 2017 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 3 23 20 20 17 17 20 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 1717 17 2 Port 0 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 20 17Configuration 1 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 20 17 20 20 20 17 20 17 1 Port 023 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 23 20 23 17 Configuration

In Table 4, the maximum power value is 23 dBm and ratios of 1/2 and 1/4are used to produce the power values 20 and 17 dBm, respectively. Table4 identifies 16 UE capabilities that may be supported, and the powervalues that may be transmitted on an antenna port such as an SRS orPUSCH DMRS antenna port. An embodiment may comprise only the rowscorresponding to a 4 port configuration in a 4 transmit antenna UE.

Additional embodiments may also support indication of power valuesassociated with 2 port or 2 port and 1 port configurations in a 4transmit antenna UE. The 2 port indications identify the transmit powerwhen UEs operate with a 2 port antenna configuration rather than a 4port configuration. In the two port configurations, the UE may or maynot virtualize transmit chains to increase power on the antenna ports.Therefore, such embodiments may enable higher transmission power whenthe UE transmits according to the 2 port configuration rather than the 4port configuration, as shown in configuration 13 of Table 4, where theUE has 20 dBm power available for two antenna ports in the 2 portconfiguration, but only one 20 dBm antenna port in the 4 portconfiguration.

The 1 port configuration has the same property that higher power may ormay not be available according, for example, to the UE's ability tovirtualize transmit chains. In some embodiments, the 1, 2, and 4 portconfigurations correspond to the number of SRS indicated to a UE in anSRS resource indicator (SRI) in an uplink grant to the UE, and the UEtransmits with the power indicated by its capability for the number ofports in the configuration identified by the SRI.

Some embodiments avoid directly indicating the transmission power ofantenna ports, because it may impact the ability of the UE to virtualizeantenna ports as discussed above. An alternative to indicatingtransmission power directly in UE capability is to indicate a powerlevel that can be transmitted as part of a power control procedure. Forexample, a UE may determine a power {circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,b,f,c)(i, j, q_(d) l), where {circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,b,f,c) is a linear value of the total transmission powerfrom the UE on all its transmit chains for PUSCH, as defined in 38.213rev 15.6.0 section 7.1.

In Rel-15, in codebook based operation with more than one antenna port,the UE scales the linear value by the ratio of the number of antennaports with a non-zero PUSCH transmission power to the maximum number ofSRS ports supported by the UE in one SRS resource, N_(tx). The UE thensplits the power equally across the antenna ports on which the UEtransmits the PUSCH with non-zero power. The scaling may alternativelybe expressed as scaling by

${\delta = \frac{N_{nz}}{N_{tx}}}\mspace{11mu},$

where N_(nz) is number of antenna ports with a non-zero PUSCHtransmission power. This means, for example, that rank 1 precoders witha single non-zero element are scaled down by a factor of N_(tx), suchthat a transmission chain transmits at a factor of N_(TX) less thanmaximum power capability of the UE even if the UE has greater maximumpower on the transmission chain.

This can be mitigated by scaling by a smaller number factor than N_(tx),such as a number of SRS ports configured to the UE in codebook basedoperation. For a 4 transmit chain UE configured with 2 SRS ports, thepower could then be scaled down by 2, rather than 4. However,transmitting with fewer antenna ports than the maximum substantiallyreduces the number of different precoders available, because uplink MIMOcodebook size grows with the number of antenna ports in the codebook.Therefore, enhanced performance can be obtained by allowing highertransmission power in the largest codebook size supported by the UE.

One approach to supporting larger transmission power for a given numberof antenna ports is to modify the power scaling described above. Thepower {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,b,f,c)(i, j, q_(d) l) may instead bescaled by

${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}},$

where N_(SRS) is a number of SRS transmission ports configured to theUE, and Δ(k) positive real number indicated by UE capability signaling,and that may be associated with a k^(th) number of SRS ports. Thepurpose of the min ( ) operation is to prevent the UE from transmittinga higher power than its maximum rated power for precoders that lead totransmission on larger numbers of antenna ports, while still allowingΔ(k) to scale up the transmission power for precoders that lead totransmission on a smaller numbers of antenna ports.

If Δ(k)>1, the corresponding power is scaled above the value used inRel-15. For example, if a 4 transmit chain UE is configured withN_(SRS)=4 SRS ports, the Rel-15 power scaling would set

$\delta = {\frac{N_{nz}}{N_{tx}} = \frac{1}{4}}$

for precoders with one non-zero element. However, if UE had all 1/2power PAs, the new scaling with Δ(k)=2 would be

${{\delta (k)} = {{\min \left( {1,\frac{1 \cdot 2}{4}} \right)} = \frac{1}{2}}},$

which allows 3 dB more power to be transmitted as compared to Rel-15.

The value of Δ(k) for a given port configuration corresponds to thepower a given precoder could produce relative toP_(CMAX)·N_(nz)/N_(SRS), where P_(CMAX) is the maximum transmit powercapability of the UE. Considering for example configuration 16, thepower 17 dBm would be produced for any number of ports when a precoderhas a single non-zero value, which is 1/4 of P_(CMAX), and soΔ(k)=1/4·{1,2,4}=(1/4,1/2,1) for k={1,2,4} corresponding to 1, 2, and 4port configurations. On the other hand, in configuration 1, 23 dBm wouldbe produced for any number of ports when a precoder has a singlenon-zero value, which is equal to P_(CMAX), and so at least 23 dBm canbe transmitted for any precoder, leading to Δ(k)={1,2,4} for k={1,2,3}corresponding to 1, 2, and 4 port configurations.

Moreover, suitable values of Δ(k) to support the PA power capabilitiesof Table 4 are Δ={1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4}. Therefore, in some embodiments, aUE signals a plurality of power ratio values, each value correspondingto a transmission power capability and to uplink transmission with anumber of antenna ports. In some embodiments, the UE may be configuredwith multiple SRS resources, where at least one of the resources withthe number of antenna ports corresponds to the value. In one exampleembodiment, a UE signals a power ratio Δ(k)∈{1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4} fork^(th) SRS resource of 3 SRS resources with 1, 2, and 4 SRS ports. Suchembodiments would signal 5·5·5=125 different value combinations for k=1,2, 3 corresponding to 1, 2, and 4 SRS ports, and therefore consume 7bits if jointly encoded.

As described above and with respect to Table 4, it is sufficient anddesirable to support a limited number of PA power combinations in aspecification. Therefore, embodiments may determine the scale factoraccording to UE power combinations that should be supported inspecifications. Because the maximum power available on each transmitchain is a fixed value, the value Δ(k) for the k^(th) number of SRSports, or equivalently a total number of antenna ports available fortransmission, is dependent on power available for a greater or lessernumber of SRS ports supported by the UE. This means that certaincombinations of Δ(k) values may not be needed to support the desired PAconfigurations.

For example, Table 5 contains the Δ(k) combinations that are sufficientto support the PA power combinations listed in Table 4. Therefore, ajoint indication of Δ(k) values for different numbers of antenna portsmay reduce the overall signaling required. Table 5 contains 9 uniquevalues, as compared to the 125 values that would be needed for theindependent signaling of Δ(k) discussed above. This means that 4, ratherthan 7 bits could be used for UE capability signaling.

Furthermore, if one of the capabilities of Table 4 could be removed,only 8 states and 3 bits would be needed to convey Δ(k). One candidatefor removal is capability 16, which has no capability for virtualizationand is low power. This would then remove Capability 1 in Table 5,resulting in an alternative embodiment with only capabilities 2-9.Therefore, in some such embodiments where a UE signals a plurality ofpower ratio values, a transmission capability identifies a plurality ofpower ratio values, each associated with a different number of antennaports.

TABLE 5 Power scaling values suitable for UE PA configurations in Table4 Power Scaling Capability # Δ(1) Δ(2) Δ(3) 1 0.25 0.5 1 2 0.5 0.5 1 30.5 1 1 4 1 0.5 1 5 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 7 1 2 1 8 1 2 2 9 1 2 4

Some embodiments may use power scaling as

$\delta {(k) = {\min \left( {1,\ \frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}}$

but the UE capability signaled is based on the approach presented inTable 4. Some embodiments may extend Table 4 as illustrated in Table 6below. Here, Δ(k), which in turn will be used for the power scaling, isgiven by the capability number. In another embodiment Δ(k) is insteadderived according to some function depending on the UE capability asgiven by Table 4.

TABLE 6 Δ(k) capability set given from PA Power Capability numberCapability Number (as given by Table 4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 16 Δ(k) capability set 9 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 (as given byTable 5)

Because NR does not define a 3 port uplink MIMO codebook nor a 3 portSRS configuration, Rel-15 NR rank 3 uplink MIMO transmission is based on4 port configurations. The power in Rel-15 uses the maximum number ofantenna ports in an SRS configuration, and so divides by 4 (that is, hasN_(tx)=4 in the equation for S above) for rank 3 transmission. Thismeans that a UE with all 1/4 power PAs would transmit at most 3/4 of itsrated power for rank 3 transmission using rank 3 TPMI #0 (where each of3 antenna ports transmits a MIMO layer). However, a UE with at least 3PAs at 1/3 power will be able to deliver the full rated power for rank 3TPMI #0. Therefore, PA configurations including those with 1/3 power maybe supported by power scaling values.

Table 7 adds a number of UE PA power configurations capable ofsupporting the full rated power of 23 dBm, by adding PA power values of1/3 the rated power (approximately 18.25 dBm). In some embodiments, a UEmay signal a PA power configuration from Table 7, Table 8, and Table 9to indicate its uplink MIMO power capability for each of 4, 2, and 1antenna ports, respectively.

TABLE 7 Alternative UE Capability with PA powers indicated in dBm: 4antenna ports Antenna Configuration # Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 023 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 1 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 17 17 2020 2 23 23 20 20 17 20 20 17 17 17 17 17 3 23 20 20 17 17 20 17 17 17 1717 17 Antenna Configuration # Port 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 020 20 17 17 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 1 17 17 17 17 23 23 23 23 23 20 2020 2 17 17 17 17 23 23 20 20 18.25 20 20 18.25 3 17 17 17 17 23 20 20 1718.25 20 17 18.25 Configuration # 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 0 23 23 20 2020 20 18.25 18.25 1 18.25 18.25 20 20 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 2 18.2518.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.25 3 18.25 18.25 18.25 18.2518.25 18.25 18.25 18.25

TABLE 8 Alternative UE Capability with PA powers indicated in dBm: 2antenna ports Antenna Configuration # Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 023 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 1 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 20 17 2020 Configuration # 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 0 20 20 20 17 2323 23 23 23 23 23 23 1 20 17 20 17 23 23 23 23 23 20 20 20 Configuration# 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 0 23 23 23 20 20 20 20 18.25 1 20 18.25 20 2020 18.25 20 18.25

TABLE 9 Alternative UE Capability with PA powers indicated in dBm, for 1antenna port Antenna Configuration # Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 023 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 20 Configuration # 13 14 15 16 17 18 1920 21 22 23 24 0 23 20 23 17 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 Configuration # 2526 27 28 29 30 31 32 0 23 23 23 20 23 20 23 18.25

Because the alternative set of UE PA power combinations in Table 7,Table 8, and Table 9 include new PA power values, if values of Δ(k) areto support these new power values, new Δ(k) values may be needed.Examining these tables indicates that 15 distinct combinations of Δ(1),Δ(2), and Δ(3) are sufficient to support the PA power combinations inthe table. The values of 0.75 and 1.25 are needed for Δ(k) to supportthe 18.25 dBm (or equivalently the 13 power) PAs.

Therefore, in some embodiments, a UE signals a plurality of power ratiovalues, each value corresponding to a transmission power capability forcorresponding to a number of antenna ports for which the UE can beconfigured. In an example embodiment a UE signals each power ratio asΔ(k)∈{1/4,1/2, 3/4, 1, 5/4, 2, 4}. Such embodiments signal 7·7·7=343different value combinations for k=1, 2, 3 corresponding to 1, 2, and 4SRS ports, and therefore consume 9 bits if jointly encoded. If insteadthe 15 different capabilities in Table 10 are signaled, then only 4 bitsare needed to indicate the Δ(k) values enabling enhanced support forrank 3 operation. The 15 different power ratio combinations is roughlyhalf the 32 PA power configurations, and so the PA power ratio signalingis more efficient in terms of signaling overhead.

TABLE 10 Power scaling values suitable for UE PA configurations in Table7, Table 8, and Table 9 Power Scaling Capability # Δ(1) Δ(2) Δ(3) 1 0.250.50 1 2 0.25 0.75 1.25 3 0.50 0.50 1 4 0.50 0.75 1.25 5 0.50 1 1 6 0.501 1.25 7 1 0.50 1 8 1 0.75 1.25 9 1 1 1 10 1 1 1.25 11 1 1 2 12 1 2 1 131 2 1.25 14 1 2 2 15 1 2 4

Some embodiments include full power TPMI combination capability. Forexample, adjusting power by Δ(k) for a k^(th) antenna port configurationenables the power to be scaled up for all precoders in the codebook withthe number of ports. However, if UEs have different power capabilitiesfor the different transmit chains, such that some ports have differentmaximum transmit power, because the UE must transmit power equally onthe non-zero transmit antenna ports, the UE is limited by the smallestpower that the UE can transmit on an antenna port. This means that someprecoders can deliver full power, while others cannot. Therefore, it canbe advantageous to signal power transmission capability according to theprecoder used.

Rather than signalling if a given precoder can be supported with one bitper precoder, a more efficient signalling method accounts for thesupported PA power combinations and jointly signals which TPMIcombinations are supported according to the number of configured SRSports or alternative, the ports used in the codebook(s) configured forthe UE.

One embodiment is shown in Table 11 for UEs with non-coherentcapability. Each of the elements in the table indicates a list of TPMIsof the form P_(i)(N_(p), v) or that no TPMI is supported with a ‘-’ forthis rank and number of antenna ports for the given capability number.The entries are defined according to Table 12. Note that Table 12 doesnot contain all the precoders present in the Rel-15 NR codebooks,because the PA power ordering that is to be supported does not requirethese TPMIs. This reduces the number of TPMI combinations needed in theUE TPMI capability signalling. Also, 14 distinct TPMI combinationcapabilities are used to represent the PA power combinations in Table 4.Therefore, one embodiment indicates UE PA power capability by indicatingwhich of a list of TPMI combination capabilities is supported by the UEfor full power transmission.

A capability comprises a combination of supported TPMI sets, wherein asubset of the TPMIs available in a MIMO codebook may not be indicated asa supported TPMI. In some embodiments, a TPMI combination capabilitycomprises a first supported TPMI set associated with a first number ofantenna ports and a second supported TPMI set associated with a secondnumber of antenna ports that is different than the first number ofantenna ports.

TABLE 11 UE TPMI combination capabilities corresponding to Table 4 TPMICapability # Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 Port Configuration 1 — P₁(4,1) —P₁(4, 1) — — P₁(4, 1) 2 — — — — P₁(4, 2) P₁(4, 2) P₁(4, 2) 3 — — — — — —— 4 P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) 2Port Configuration 1 — P₁(2, 1) — P₁(2, 1) — P₁(2, 1) P₁(2, 1) 2 — —P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) 1 Port Configuration 0 —P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) — P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) TPMI Capability # Rank 89 10 11 12 13 14 4 Port Configuration 1 P₂(4, 1) P₁(4, 1) P₂(4, 1)P₁(4, 1) P₂(4, 1) P₃(4, 1) P₄(4, 1) 2 P₁(4, 2) P₂(4, 2) P₂(4, 2) P₃(4,2) P₃(4, 2) P₃(4, 2) P₃(4, 2) 3 — P₁(4, 3) P₁(4, 3) P₁(4, 3) P₁(4, 3)P₁(4, 3) P₁(4, 3) 4 P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4, 4) P₁(4,4) P₁(4, 4) 2 Port Configuration 1 P₂(2, 1) P₁(2, 1) P₂(2, 1) P₁(2, 1)P₂(2, 1) P₂(2, 1) P₂(2, 1) 2 P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2,2) P₁(2, 2) P₁(2, 2) 1 Port Configuration 0 P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1)P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1) P₁(1, 1)

As used in Table 11, P_(i)(N_(p), v) is the i^(th) list of precoders foran N_(p) antenna port codebook for rank v, defined in Table 12. TPMI_(l)is the precoder with TPMI index l in the NR uplink MIMO codebooks forrank v and N_(p) antenna ports in tables 6.3.1.5-1 through 6.3.1.5-7 of3GPP TS 38.211 rev. 15.6.0 section 6.3.1.5.

TABLE 12 Supported TPMI sets corresponding to Table 11 1 Port 2 Ports 4Ports P₁(1, 1) = 1 P₁(2, 1) = TPMI₀ P₁(4, 1) = {TPMI₀} P₂(2, 1) =P₂(4, 1) = {TPMI₀, TPMI₁} {TPMI₀, TPMI₁} P₁(2, 2) = TPMI₀ P₃(4, 1) ={TPMI₀, TPMI₁, TPMI₂} P₄(4, 1) = {TPMI₀, TPMI₁, TPM₂, TPMI₃} P₁(4, 2) ={TPMI₀} P₂(4, 2) = {TPMI₀, TPMI₁, TPMI₃} P₃(4, 2) = {TPMI₀, TPMI₁,TPMI₂, TPMI₃, TPMI₄, TPMI₅} P₁(4, 3) = {TPMI₀} P₁(4, 4) = {TPMI₀}

The power scaling used in this embodiment adjusts to full power whenTPMIs that support full power are used and uses the Rel-15 codebookbased power scaling otherwise. That is the UE scales the lineartransmission power

${{{\overset{\hat{}}{P}}_{{PUSCHb},f,c}\mspace{11mu} b\; y\mspace{11mu} \delta} = \frac{N_{nz}}{N_{tx}}},$

as described above when using a precoder (identified by its TPMI index)that does not support full power. When the UE does transmit with aprecoder supporting full power, the UE transmits with the lineartransmission power {circumflex over (P)}_(PUSCH,b,f,c). In both thecases where the TPMI does and does not support full power, the power andscaled power, respectively, is divided equally among antenna ports withnon-zero transmission power.

In some embodiments, the tables presented above may be defined per UEcoherence capability. Thus, one set of tables may exist for a coherentUE and another set of tables may exist for a partial coherent UE.Alternatively, a single table may be used, but some entries are onlyapplicable to a certain UE coherence capability. This is illustrated byone specific UE TPMI combination capability as presented below assuminga partial coherent UE (only the 4 port configuration is shown). The setsof used TPMI sets in this case are different than for a coherent UE.This TPMI capability could, for example, be realized by a 4 port partialcoherent UE with 17 dBm per PA.

TABLE 13 UE TPMI combination capability example for a partial coherentUE TPMI Capability # Rank 1 4 Port Configuration 1 — 2 P₄(4, 2) 3 P₂(4,3) 4 P₂(4, 4)

TABLE 14 Additional TPMI sets for a partial coherent UE 4 Ports P₄(4, 2)= {TPMI₆, TPMI₇, TPMI₈, TPMI₉, TPMI₁₀, TPMI₁₁, TPMI₁₂, TPMI₁₃} P₂(4, 3)= {TPMI₁, TPMI₂} P₂(4, 4) = {TPMI₁, TPMI₂}

Some embodiments include per TPMI PA power ratio capabilities. WhileTPMI combination capability signalling may indicate more TPMIs that canbe used to convey full power in some situations, thereby allowing the UEto transmit full power, than signalling (k) as described above, TPMIcombination capability signalling has the drawback that it does notconvey the power available for TPMIs other than the TPMIs signalled.Therefore, in some embodiments it is desirable to combine TPMIcapability signalling with power ratio capability signalling with Δ(k).

Some embodiments associate a TPMI of a given rank and number of portswith a power ratio, that is to define a power ratio Δ(k, TPMI_(l)(v))for a number of antenna ports associated with k and where TPMI_(l)(v) isa precoder with TPMI index l in a codebook from section 6.3.1.5 of 3GPPTS 38.211 rev. 15.6.0 with the number of antenna ports and for rank v.The power scaling for PUSCH antenna transmission may be calculatedaccording to

${\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}$

as described above for all precoders that are not associated with aTPMI. When a precoder is associated with a power scaling value, thepower scaling is calculated according to

${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta \left( {k,\; {{TPMI}_{l}(v)}} \right)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}}.$

Some embodiments include complete TPMI and PA power capabilitiesdependent power scaling. In one embodiment, the power scaling is givenas δ(k, l, v) and is directly specified as a function of UE capabilityas well as (k, l, v) where l and v gives the precoder. δ(k, l, v) mayfor instance be given in the form of a table as described below and theUE capability is given according to Table 4.

TABLE 15 Power scaling values δ (k, l, v) Capability Number k l v 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 Port 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½¼ ¼ Configuration 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ¼ ¼ ½ ½ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ 2 1 1 1 ½ ½ ¼ ½ ½¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ 3 1 1 ½ ½ ¼ ¼ ½ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ ¼ 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 2 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 2 2 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 3 2 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 4 2 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 ½½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 5 2 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 3 1 1 1 1 ¾ 1 1¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Port 0 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ¼ Configuration 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ¼ ½ ½ ½ ¼ ½¼ 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 Port 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½1 ½ 1 ¼ Configuration

In another embodiment the value Δ(k, TPMI_(l)(v)) is instead specifiedin the table above in a similar manner. In yet another embodiment, thecapability number is instead specified according Table 5 and the tableis specified accordingly.

Some embodiments include UE coherence capability in NR. In someembodiments, the above embodiments also depend on the UE coherencecapability for full, partial, or non-coherent uplink MIMO transmissionas identified by the pusch-TransCoherence capability in 3GPP TS 38.331rev. 15.5.0. For example, Table 6, Table 11, Table 12 and Table 13 orsome other table or function presented herein may also depend on the UEcoherence capability. Table 6 may, for example, look different and alsodepend on if a UE supports full, partial, or non-coherent uplink MIMOtransmission. Therefore, in some embodiments a transmission powercapability corresponds to PUSCH transmission using an uplink MIMOprecoder subset identified as one of ‘fullyAndPartialAndNonCoherent’,‘partialCoherent’, and ‘nonCoherent’, respectively, in 3GPP TSs 38.212rev 15.6.0, 38.214 rev 15.6.0, and 38.331 rev 15.5.0.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example wireless network, according to certainembodiments. The wireless network may comprise and/or interface with anytype of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radionetwork or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, thewireless network may be configured to operate according to specificstandards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus,particular embodiments of the wireless network may implementcommunication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long TermEvolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards;wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard,such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax),Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.

Network 106 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks,IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet datanetworks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local areanetworks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks,wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks toenable communication between devices.

Network node 160 and WD 110 comprise various components described inmore detail below. These components work together to provide networknode and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wirelessconnections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, thewireless network may comprise any number of wired or wireless networks,network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relaystations, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate orparticipate in the communication of data and/or signals whether viawired or wireless connections.

As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured,arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with awireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in thewireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to thewireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration)in the wireless network.

Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points(APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio basestations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Basestations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide(or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and may then alsobe referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro basestations, or macro base stations.

A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling arelay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of adistributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/orremote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads(RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with anantenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radiobase station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antennasystem (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodes includemulti-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, networkcontrollers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base stationcontrollers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmissionpoints, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities(MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SONnodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs.

As another example, a network node may be a virtual network node asdescribed in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodesmay represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable,configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide awireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide someservice to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.

In FIG. 3, network node 160 includes processing circuitry 170, devicereadable medium 180, interface 190, auxiliary equipment 184, powersource 186, power circuitry 187, and antenna 162. Although network node160 illustrated in the example wireless network of FIG. 3 may representa device that includes the illustrated combination of hardwarecomponents, other embodiments may comprise network nodes with differentcombinations of components.

It is to be understood that a network node comprises any suitablecombination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks,features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Moreover, while thecomponents of network node 160 are depicted as single boxes locatedwithin a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, anetwork node may comprise multiple different physical components thatmake up a single illustrated component (e.g., device readable medium 180may comprise multiple separate hard drives as well as multiple RAMmodules).

Similarly, network node 160 may be composed of multiple physicallyseparate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or aBTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their ownrespective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 160comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components),one or more of the separate components may be shared among severalnetwork nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB's.In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in someinstances be considered a single separate network node.

In some embodiments, network node 160 may be configured to supportmultiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, somecomponents may be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 180for the different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., thesame antenna 162 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 160 may alsoinclude multiple sets of the various illustrated components fordifferent wireless technologies integrated into network node 160, suchas, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wirelesstechnologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into thesame or different chip or set of chips and other components withinnetwork node 160.

Processing circuitry 170 is configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being provided by a network node. These operationsperformed by processing circuitry 170 may include processing informationobtained by processing circuitry 170 by, for example, converting theobtained information into other information, comparing the obtainedinformation or converted information to information stored in thenetwork node, and/or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of saidprocessing making a determination.

Processing circuitry 170 may comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other networknode 160 components, such as device readable medium 180, network node160 functionality.

For example, processing circuitry 170 may execute instructions stored indevice readable medium 180 or in memory within processing circuitry 170.Such functionality may include providing any of the various wirelessfeatures, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments,processing circuitry 170 may include a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include one or more ofradio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processingcircuitry 174. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceivercircuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on separatechips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units anddigital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceivercircuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on the samechip or set of chips, boards, or units

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or othersuch network device may be performed by processing circuitry 170executing instructions stored on device readable medium 180 or memorywithin processing circuitry 170. In alternative embodiments, some or allof the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 170 withoutexecuting instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readablemedium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments,whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storagemedium or not, processing circuitry 170 can be configured to perform thedescribed functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality arenot limited to processing circuitry 170 alone or to other components ofnetwork node 160 but are enjoyed by network node 160 as a whole, and/orby end users and the wireless network generally.

Device readable medium 180 may comprise any form of volatile ornon-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation,persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory,magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removablestorage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or aDigital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile,non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devicesthat store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used byprocessing circuitry 170. Device readable medium 180 may store anysuitable instructions, data or information, including a computerprogram, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules,code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executedby processing circuitry 170 and, utilized by network node 160. Devicereadable medium 180 may be used to store any calculations made byprocessing circuitry 170 and/or any data received via interface 190. Insome embodiments, processing circuitry 170 and device readable medium180 may be considered to be integrated.

Interface 190 is used in the wired or wireless communication ofsignaling and/or data between network node 160, network 106, and/or WDs110. As illustrated, interface 190 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 194 tosend and receive data, for example to and from network 106 over a wiredconnection. Interface 190 also includes radio front end circuitry 192that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna162.

Radio front end circuitry 192 comprises filters 198 and amplifiers 196.Radio front end circuitry 192 may be connected to antenna 162 andprocessing circuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry may be configured tocondition signals communicated between antenna 162 and processingcircuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry 192 may receive digital datathat is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wirelessconnection. Radio front end circuitry 192 may convert the digital datainto a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidthparameters using a combination of filters 198 and/or amplifiers 196. Theradio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 162. Similarly, whenreceiving data, antenna 162 may collect radio signals which are thenconverted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 192. Thedigital data may be passed to processing circuitry 170. In otherembodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/ordifferent combinations of components.

In certain alternative embodiments, network node 160 may not includeseparate radio front end circuitry 192, instead, processing circuitry170 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected toantenna 162 without separate radio front end circuitry 192. Similarly,in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 172 may beconsidered a part of interface 190. In still other embodiments,interface 190 may include one or more ports or terminals 194, radiofront end circuitry 192, and RF transceiver circuitry 172, as part of aradio unit (not shown), and interface 190 may communicate with basebandprocessing circuitry 174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

Antenna 162 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 162 may becoupled to radio front end circuitry 192 and may be any type of antennacapable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. Insome embodiments, antenna 162 may comprise one or more omni-directional,sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signalsbetween, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna maybe used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sectorantenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from deviceswithin a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sightantenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straightline. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may bereferred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 162 may be separatefrom network node 160 and may be connectable to network node 160 throughan interface or port.

Antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may beconfigured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtainingoperations described herein as being performed by a network node. Anyinformation, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device,another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly,antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may beconfigured to perform any transmitting operations described herein asbeing performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signalsmay be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or anyother network equipment.

Power circuitry 187 may comprise, or be coupled to, power managementcircuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node 160with power for performing the functionality described herein. Powercircuitry 187 may receive power from power source 186. Power source 186and/or power circuitry 187 may be configured to provide power to thevarious components of network node 160 in a form suitable for therespective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed foreach respective component). Power source 186 may either be included in,or external to, power circuitry 187 and/or network node 160.

For example, network node 160 may be connectable to an external powersource (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interfacesuch as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source suppliespower to power circuitry 187. As a further example, power source 186 maycomprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery packwhich is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 187. Thebattery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also beused.

Alternative embodiments of network node 160 may include additionalcomponents beyond those shown in FIG. 3 that may be responsible forproviding certain aspects of the network node's functionality, includingany of the functionality described herein and/or any functionalitynecessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example,network node 160 may include user interface equipment to allow input ofinformation into network node 160 and to allow output of informationfrom network node 160. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic,maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node160.

As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable,configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly withnetwork nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, theterm WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE).Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receivingwireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infraredwaves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying informationthrough air.

In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmit and/or receiveinformation without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD may bedesigned to transmit information to a network on a predeterminedschedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or inresponse to requests from the network.

Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, amobile phone, a cell phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wirelesslocal loop phone, a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a wireless cameras, a gaming console or device, a music storagedevice, a playback appliance, a wearable terminal device, a wirelessendpoint, a mobile station, a tablet, a laptop, a laptop-embeddedequipment (LEE), a laptop-mounted equipment (LME), a smart device, awireless customer-premise equipment (CPE). a vehicle-mounted wirelessterminal device, etc. A WD may support device-to-device (D2D)communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelinkcommunication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure(V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may in this case be referred toas a D2D communication device.

As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT)scenario, a WD may represent a machine or other device that performsmonitoring and/or measurements and transmits the results of suchmonitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. TheWD may in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one example, the WD maybe a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT)standard. Examples of such machines or devices are sensors, meteringdevices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personalappliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables(e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.).

In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other equipment thatis capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status orother functions associated with its operation. A WD as described abovemay represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case thedevice may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD asdescribed above may be mobile, in which case it may also be referred toas a mobile device or a mobile terminal.

As illustrated, wireless device 110 includes antenna 111, interface 114,processing circuitry 120, device readable medium 130, user interfaceequipment 132, auxiliary equipment 134, power source 136 and powercircuitry 137. WD 110 may include multiple sets of one or more of theillustrated components for different wireless technologies supported byWD 110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, orBluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wirelesstechnologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or setof chips as other components within WD 110.

Antenna 111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected tointerface 114. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 111 may beseparate from WD 110 and be connectable to WD 110 through an interfaceor port. Antenna 111, interface 114, and/or processing circuitry 120 maybe configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operationsdescribed herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, dataand/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD. Insome embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 111 may beconsidered an interface.

As illustrated, interface 114 comprises radio front end circuitry 112and antenna 111. Radio front end circuitry 112 comprise one or morefilters 118 and amplifiers 116. Radio front end circuitry 112 isconnected to antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120 and is configuredto condition signals communicated between antenna 111 and processingcircuitry 120. Radio front end circuitry 112 may be coupled to or a partof antenna 111. In some embodiments, WD 110 may not include separateradio front end circuitry 112; rather, processing circuitry 120 maycomprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 111.Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry122 may be considered a part of interface 114.

Radio front end circuitry 112 may receive digital data that is to besent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radiofront end circuitry 112 may convert the digital data into a radio signalhaving the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using acombination of filters 118 and/or amplifiers 116. The radio signal maythen be transmitted via antenna 111. Similarly, when receiving data,antenna 111 may collect radio signals which are then converted intodigital data by radio front end circuitry 112. The digital data may bepassed to processing circuitry 120. In other embodiments, the interfacemay comprise different components and/or different combinations ofcomponents.

Processing circuitry 120 may comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD 110components, such as device readable medium 130, WD 110 functionality.Such functionality may include providing any of the various wirelessfeatures or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry120 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 130 or inmemory within processing circuitry 120 to provide the functionalitydisclosed herein.

As illustrated, processing circuitry 120 includes one or more of RFtransceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, andapplication processing circuitry 126. In other embodiments, theprocessing circuitry may comprise different components and/or differentcombinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry120 of WD 110 may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceivercircuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and applicationprocessing circuitry 126 may be on separate chips or sets of chips.

In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry124 and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined into onechip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be on aseparate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part orall of RF transceiver circuitry 122 and baseband processing circuitry124 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processingcircuitry 126 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet otheralternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 122,baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry126 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In someembodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be a part of interface114. RF transceiver circuitry 122 may condition RF signals forprocessing circuitry 120.

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being performed by a WD may be provided by processingcircuitry 120 executing instructions stored on device readable medium130, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storagemedium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality maybe provided by processing circuitry 120 without executing instructionsstored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such asin a hard-wired manner.

In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on adevice readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 120 can beconfigured to perform the described functionality. The benefits providedby such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 120 aloneor to other components of WD 110, but are enjoyed by WD 110, and/or byend users and the wireless network generally.

Processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, asperformed by processing circuitry 120, may include processinginformation obtained by processing circuitry 120 by, for example,converting the obtained information into other information, comparingthe obtained information or converted information to information storedby WD 110, and/or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of saidprocessing making a determination.

Device readable medium 130 may be operable to store a computer program,software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code,tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed byprocessing circuitry 120. Device readable medium 130 may includecomputer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory(ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media(e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or anyother volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/orcomputer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/orinstructions that may be used by processing circuitry 120. In someembodiments, processing circuitry 120 and device readable medium 130 maybe integrated.

User interface equipment 132 may provide components that allow for ahuman user to interact with WD 110. Such interaction may be of manyforms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment132 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the userto provide input to WD 110. The type of interaction may vary dependingon the type of user interface equipment 132 installed in WD 110. Forexample, if WD 110 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touchscreen; if WD 110 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through ascreen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or aspeaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected).

User interface equipment 132 may include input interfaces, devices andcircuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interfaceequipment 132 is configured to allow input of information into WD 110and is connected to processing circuitry 120 to allow processingcircuitry 120 to process the input information. User interface equipment132 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor,keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or otherinput circuitry. User interface equipment 132 is also configured toallow output of information from WD 110, and to allow processingcircuitry 120 to output information from WD 110. User interfaceequipment 132 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibratingcircuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry.Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, ofuser interface equipment 132, WD 110 may communicate with end usersand/or the wireless network and allow them to benefit from thefunctionality described herein.

Auxiliary equipment 134 is operable to provide more specificfunctionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This maycomprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for variouspurposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wiredcommunications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliaryequipment 134 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.

Power source 136 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a batteryor battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external powersource (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or powercells, may also be used. WD 110 may further comprise power circuitry 137for delivering power from power source 136 to the various parts of WD110 which need power from power source 136 to carry out anyfunctionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 137 may incertain embodiments comprise power management circuitry.

Power circuitry 137 may additionally or alternatively be operable toreceive power from an external power source; in which case WD 110 may beconnectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet)via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable.Power circuitry 137 may also in certain embodiments be operable todeliver power from an external power source to power source 136. Thismay be, for example, for the charging of power source 136. Powercircuitry 137 may perform any formatting, converting, or othermodification to the power from power source 136 to make the powersuitable for the respective components of WD 110 to which power issupplied.

Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in anyappropriate type of system using any suitable components, theembodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wirelessnetwork, such as the example wireless network illustrated in FIG. 3. Forsimplicity, the wireless network of FIG. 3 only depicts network 106,network nodes 160 and 160 b, and WDs 110, 110 b, and 110 c. In practice,a wireless network may further include any additional elements suitableto support communication between wireless devices or between a wirelessdevice and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, aservice provider, or any other network node or end device. Of theillustrated components, network node 160 and wireless device (WD) 110are depicted with additional detail. The wireless network may providecommunication and other types of services to one or more wirelessdevices to facilitate the wireless devices' access to and/or use of theservices provided by, or via, the wireless network.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example user equipment, according to certainembodiments. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may not necessarilyhave a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates therelevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intendedfor sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or whichmay not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., asmart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a devicethat is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but whichmay be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., asmart power meter). UE 200 may be any UE identified by the 3^(rd)Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE, a machinetype communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE. UE 200,as illustrated in FIG. 4, is one example of a WD configured forcommunication in accordance with one or more communication standardspromulgated by the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, theterm WD and UE may be used interchangeable. Accordingly, although FIG. 4is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to a WD,and vice-versa.

In FIG. 4, UE 200 includes processing circuitry 201 that is operativelycoupled to input/output interface 205, radio frequency (RF) interface209, network connection interface 211, memory 215 including randomaccess memory (RAM) 217, read-only memory (ROM) 219, and storage medium221 or the like, communication subsystem 231, power source 213, and/orany other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 221includes operating system 223, application program 225, and data 227. Inother embodiments, storage medium 221 may include other similar types ofinformation. Certain UEs may use all the components shown in FIG. 4, oronly a subset of the components. The level of integration between thecomponents may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs maycontain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors,memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

In FIG. 4, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to processcomputer instructions and data. Processing circuitry 201 may beconfigured to implement any sequential state machine operative toexecute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computerprograms in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented statemachines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logictogether with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program,general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital SignalProcessor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combinationof the above. For example, the processing circuitry 201 may include twocentral processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a formsuitable for use by a computer.

In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 205 may be configuredto provide a communication interface to an input device, output device,or input and output device. UE 200 may be configured to use an outputdevice via input/output interface 205.

An output device may use the same type of interface port as an inputdevice. For example, a USB port may be used to provide input to andoutput from UE 200. The output device may be a speaker, a sound card, avideo card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, asmartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof.

UE 200 may be configured to use an input device via input/outputinterface 205 to allow a user to capture information into UE 200. Theinput device may include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitivedisplay, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a webcamera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, adirectional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like.The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistivetouch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance,an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, amagnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another likesensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may bean accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and anoptical sensor.

In FIG. 4, RF interface 209 may be configured to provide a communicationinterface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and anantenna. Network connection interface 211 may be configured to provide acommunication interface to network 243 a. Network 243 a may encompasswired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), awide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, atelecommunications network, another like network or any combinationthereof. For example, network 243 a may comprise a Wi-Fi network.Network connection interface 211 may be configured to include a receiverand a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more otherdevices over a communication network according to one or morecommunication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or thelike. Network connection interface 211 may implement receiver andtransmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links(e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiverfunctions may share circuit components, software or firmware, oralternatively may be implemented separately.

RAM 217 may be configured to interface via bus 202 to processingcircuitry 201 to provide storage or caching of data or computerinstructions during the execution of software programs such as theoperating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 219 maybe configured to provide computer instructions or data to processingcircuitry 201. For example, ROM 219 may be configured to store invariantlow-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basicinput and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from akeyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory.

Storage medium 221 may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM,programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-onlymemory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory(EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks,removable cartridges, or flash drives. In one example, storage medium221 may be configured to include operating system 223, applicationprogram 225 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engineor another application, and data file 227. Storage medium 221 may store,for use by UE 200, any of a variety of various operating systems orcombinations of operating systems.

Storage medium 221 may be configured to include a number of physicaldrive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppydisk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive,thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc(HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray opticaldisc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive,external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamicrandom access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcardmemory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity(SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storagemedium 221 may allow UE 200 to access computer-executable instructions,application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitorymemory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article ofmanufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may betangibly embodied in storage medium 221, which may comprise a devicereadable medium.

In FIG. 4, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicatewith network 243 b using communication subsystem 231. Network 243 a andnetwork 243 b may be the same network or networks or different networkor networks. Communication subsystem 231 may be configured to includeone or more transceivers used to communicate with network 243 b. Forexample, communication subsystem 231 may be configured to include one ormore transceivers used to communicate with one or more remotetransceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such asanother WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN)according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.2,CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver mayinclude transmitter 233 and/or receiver 235 to implement transmitter orreceiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links(e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter 233 andreceiver 235 of each transceiver may share circuit components, softwareor firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions ofcommunication subsystem 231 may include data communication, voicecommunication, multimedia communication, short-range communications suchas Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communicationsuch as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine alocation, another like communication function, or any combinationthereof. For example, communication subsystem 231 may include cellularcommunication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPScommunication. Network 243 b may encompass wired and/or wirelessnetworks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN),a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network,another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network243 b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-fieldnetwork. Power source 213 may be configured to provide alternatingcurrent (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 200.

The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may beimplemented in one of the components of UE 200 or partitioned acrossmultiple components of UE 200. Further, the features, benefits, and/orfunctions described herein may be implemented in any combination ofhardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein.Further, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicate withany of such components over bus 202. In another example, any of suchcomponents may be represented by program instructions stored in memorythat when executed by processing circuitry 201 perform the correspondingfunctions described herein. In another example, the functionality of anyof such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry 201and communication subsystem 231. In another example, thenon-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may beimplemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensivefunctions may be implemented in hardware.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example method in a userequipment, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments,one or more steps of FIG. 5 may be performed by wireless device 110described with respect to FIG. 3.

The method begins at step 512, where the wireless device (e.g., wirelessdevice 110) signals, to a network node (e.g., network node 160), awireless device power transmission capability. The wireless device powertransmission capability identifies a power ratio value of a plurality ofpower ratio values that the wireless device supports for transmission ofa physical uplink channel. Each value of the plurality of power ratiovalues corresponds to a transmission power capability and to a number ofantenna ports. A power ratio refers to a ratio relative to a maximumpower the wireless device is rated to transmit. The power transmissioncapability may comprise any of the power transmission capabilitiesdescribed above, such as those described with respect to Tables 2-15.

In particular embodiments, the transmission power capability identifiesa plurality of power ratio values, each associated with a number ofphysical uplink channel layers, a precoder to be used to transmit thephysical uplink channel, and the number of antenna ports. In someembodiments, power ratios are jointly encoded. The transmission powercapability may identify a plurality of power ratio values, eachassociated with a different number of antenna ports. In someembodiments, power scaling is further associated with coherencecapability of the UE. The transmission power capability may correspondto a codebook subset. The subset is identified as containing at leastone of fully and partial and non-coherent precoders, partial andnon-coherent precoders, and non-coherent precoders.

In some embodiments, a second power ratio may be associated with a TPMI.In particular embodiments, the transmission power capability furthercomprises a second power ratio of the plurality of power ratio valuesand a precoder that the wireless device may use for physical uplinkchannel transmission with the power scaled by the second power ratio andwith the number of antenna ports.

The network node receives the power transmission capability for thewireless device and determines an appropriate configuration for aparticular uplink transmission. The network node may schedule thewireless device for the uplink transmission.

At step 516, the wireless device transmits a physical uplink channelusing the number of antenna ports with a power scaled at least by thepower ratio value in the power transmission capability.

Some embodiments may use power scaling with a minimum function to nottransmit above P_(CMAX), and scales according to the number of SRS portsassociated with the power ratio. Some embodiments may include optionalstep 514, where the wireless device scales a transmission power for thephysical uplink channel based on the number of antenna ports associatedwith the power ratio value. The scaling may be limited so that thescaled transmission power does not exceed the maximum value the wirelessdevice is rated to transmit. The scaling may be by a factor

${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}},$

wherein Δ(k) is a power ratio value and a real positive real number,N_(nz) is a number of antenna ports with non-zero transmission powerused to transmit the physical uplink channel, and N_(SRS) is a number ofantenna ports and a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports inan SRS resource with index k configured to the wireless device.

Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 500 of FIG.5. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIG. 5 may beperformed in parallel or in any suitable order.

In some embodiments, only a subset of TPMIs in TPMI capability signalingcan support full power. A UE implementation can remap its PAs to match.Rel-15 or Rel-15-like scaling may be used for non-full power TPMIs. Anexample is illustrated in FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating another example method in a wirelessdevice, according to certain embodiments. In particular embodiments, oneor more steps of FIG. 6 may be performed by wireless device 110described with respect to FIG. 3.

The method begins at step 612, where the wireless device (e.g., wirelessdevice 110) receives an indication of a precoder to be used to transmita physical uplink channel. The precoder is one precoder of a set ofprecoders. Each precoder in the set of precoders is a matrix or vectorcomprising an equal number of non-zero elements. A first precoder in theset of precoders is able to be associated with a first power scalingvalue or a second power scaling value, and a second precoder in the setof precoders is only able to be associated with the second power scalingvalue. For example, the wireless device may receive an indication asdescribed with respect to Tables 11 and/or 12 above.

At step 614, the wireless device transmits a layer i of an L layerphysical uplink channel at a power P_(i) according to the first orsecond power scaling value associated with the precoder. For example,power scaling used in this embodiment adjusts to full power when TPMIsthat support full power are used and uses the Rel-15 codebook basedpower scaling otherwise.

In particular embodiments, the first power scaling value is P_(i)=P/L,where P is the total power to be used for physical uplink channeltransmission, and the second power scaling value is P_(i)=PR/L, whereR=M/K, M is a number of antenna ports with non-zero physical uplinkchannel transmission. K is one of: a maximum number of physical uplinkchannel layers supported by the wireless device, a number of antennaports used in a codebook configured for the wireless device, a maximumrank configured to the wireless device, and a number of SRS portsconfigured to the wireless device for one or both of codebook andnon-codebook based operation.

In some embodiments, the wireless device maps strongest transmit chainto the same antenna port, and a weaker transmit chain to a differentport. At optional step 616, the wireless device transmits a firstreference signal corresponding to the antenna port shared by theprecoders associated with the second power scaling value using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting at least at the maximum power thewireless device is rated to transmit. At optional step 618, the wirelessdevice transmitting a second reference signal corresponding to a secondantenna port using a power amplifier capable of transmitting less thanmaximum power the wireless device is rated to transmit. The secondantenna port is different from the antenna port shared by the precodersassociated with the second power scaling value.

Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to method 600 of FIG.6. Additionally, one or more steps in the method of FIG. 6 may beperformed in parallel or in any suitable order.

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus in awireless network (for example, the wireless network illustrated in FIG.3). The apparatus may comprise a wireless device (e.g., wireless device110 in FIG. 3). Apparatus 1600 is operable to carry out the examplemethods described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. Apparatus 1600 may beoperable to carry out other processes or methods disclosed herein. It isalso to be understood that the methods of FIGS. 5 and 6 are notnecessarily carried out solely by apparatus 1600. At least someoperations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities.

Virtual apparatus 1600 may comprise processing circuitry, which mayinclude one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as otherdigital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs),special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitrymay be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which mayinclude one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM),random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, opticalstorage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes programinstructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or datacommunications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one ormore of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments.

In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to causereceiving module 1602, determining module 1604, transmitting module1606, and any other suitable units of apparatus 1600 to performcorresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, apparatus 1600 includes receiving module 1602configured to receive configuration information for an uplinktransmission, such as an indication of a precoder to be used to transmita physical uplink channel, according to any of the embodiments andexamples described herein. Determining module 1604 is configured todetermine transmission power capabilities, according to any of theembodiments and examples described herein. Apparatus 1600 also includestransmitting module 1606 configured to signal transmission powercapabilities to a network node and transmit uplink channels based on thetransmission power capabilities, according to any of the embodiments andexamples described herein.

FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualizationenvironment 300 in which functions implemented by some embodiments maybe virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creatingvirtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may includevirtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networkingresources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node(e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) orto a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type ofcommunication device) or components thereof and relates to animplementation in which at least a portion of the functionality isimplemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or moreapplications, components, functions, virtual machines or containersexecuting on one or more physical processing nodes in one or morenetworks).

In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein maybe implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtualmachines implemented in one or more virtual environments 300 hosted byone or more of hardware nodes 330. Further, in embodiments in which thevirtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radioconnectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may beentirely virtualized.

The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 320 (whichmay alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances,network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.)operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefitsof some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 320 are run invirtualization environment 300 which provides hardware 330 comprisingprocessing circuitry 360 and memory 390. Memory 390 containsinstructions 395 executable by processing circuitry 360 wherebyapplication 320 is operative to provide one or more of the features,benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.

Virtualization environment 300, comprises general-purpose orspecial-purpose network hardware devices 330 comprising a set of one ormore processors or processing circuitry 360, which may be commercialoff-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application SpecificIntegrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitryincluding digital or analog hardware components or special purposeprocessors. Each hardware device may comprise memory 390-1 which may benon-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 395 orsoftware executed by processing circuitry 360. Each hardware device maycomprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 370, alsoknown as network interface cards, which include physical networkinterface 380. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory,persistent, machine-readable storage media 390-2 having stored thereinsoftware 395 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 360.Software 395 may include any type of software including software forinstantiating one or more virtualization layers 350 (also referred to ashypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 340 as well assoftware allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefitsdescribed in relation with some embodiments described herein.

Virtual machines 340, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory,virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by acorresponding virtualization layer 350 or hypervisor. Differentembodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 320 may be implementedon one or more of virtual machines 340, and the implementations may bemade in different ways.

During operation, processing circuitry 360 executes software 395 toinstantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 350, which maysometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM).Virtualization layer 350 may present a virtual operating platform thatappears like networking hardware to virtual machine 340.

As shown in FIG. 8, hardware 330 may be a standalone network node withgeneric or specific components. Hardware 330 may comprise antenna 3225and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively,hardware 330 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such asin a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)) where manyhardware nodes work together and are managed via management andorchestration (MANO) 3100, which, among others, oversees lifecyclemanagement of applications 320.

Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to asnetwork function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidatemany network equipment types onto industry standard high-volume serverhardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be locatedin data centers, and customer premise equipment.

In the context of NFV, virtual machine 340 may be a softwareimplementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they wereexecuting on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtualmachines 340, and that part of hardware 330 that executes that virtualmachine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/orhardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtualmachines 340, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).

Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) isresponsible for handling specific network functions that run in one ormore virtual machines 340 on top of hardware networking infrastructure330 and corresponds to application 320 in FIG. 18.

In some embodiments, one or more radio units 3200 that each include oneor more transmitters 3220 and one or more receivers 3210 may be coupledto one or more antennas 3225. Radio units 3200 may communicate directlywith hardware nodes 330 via one or more appropriate network interfacesand may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide avirtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or abase station.

In some embodiments, some signaling can be effected with the use ofcontrol system 3230 which may alternatively be used for communicationbetween the hardware nodes 330 and radio units 3200.

With reference to FIG. 9, in accordance with an embodiment, acommunication system includes telecommunication network 410, such as a3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network 411, such asa radio access network, and core network 414. Access network 411comprises a plurality of base stations 412 a, 412 b, 412 c, such as NBs,eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining acorresponding coverage area 413 a, 413 b, 413 c. Each base station 412a, 412 b, 412 c is connectable to core network 414 over a wired orwireless connection 415. A first UE 491 located in coverage area 413 cis configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, thecorresponding base station 412 c. A second UE 492 in coverage area 413 ais wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 412 a. Whilea plurality of UEs 491, 492 are illustrated in this example, thedisclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a soleUE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to thecorresponding base station 412.

Telecommunication network 410 is itself connected to host computer 430,which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standaloneserver, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or asprocessing resources in a server farm. Host computer 430 may be underthe ownership or control of a service provider or may be operated by theservice provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 421and 422 between telecommunication network 410 and host computer 430 mayextend directly from core network 414 to host computer 430 or may go viaan optional intermediate network 420. Intermediate network 420 may beone of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private orhosted network; intermediate network 420, if any, may be a backbonenetwork or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 420 maycomprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

The communication system of FIG. 9 as a whole enables connectivitybetween the connected UEs 491, 492 and host computer 430. Theconnectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 450.Host computer 430 and the connected UEs 491, 492 are configured tocommunicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection 450, using accessnetwork 411, core network 414, any intermediate network 420 and possiblefurther infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTT connection 450may be transparent in the sense that the participating communicationdevices through which OTT connection 450 passes are unaware of routingof uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station 412 maynot or need not be informed about the past routing of an incomingdownlink communication with data originating from host computer 430 tobe forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 491. Similarly, basestation 412 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoinguplink communication originating from the UE 491 towards the hostcomputer 430.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example host computer communicating via a basestation with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection,according to certain embodiments. Example implementations, in accordancewith an embodiment of the UE, base station and host computer discussedin the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIG.10. In communication system 500, host computer 510 comprises hardware515 including communication interface 516 configured to set up andmaintain a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a differentcommunication device of communication system 500. Host computer 510further comprises processing circuitry 518, which may have storageand/or processing capabilities. In particular, processing circuitry 518may comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specificintegrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations ofthese (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Host computer 510further comprises software 511, which is stored in or accessible by hostcomputer 510 and executable by processing circuitry 518. Software 511includes host application 512. Host application 512 may be operable toprovide a service to a remote user, such as UE 530 connecting via OTTconnection 550 terminating at UE 530 and host computer 510. In providingthe service to the remote user, host application 512 may provide userdata which is transmitted using OTT connection 550.

Communication system 500 further includes base station 520 provided in atelecommunication system and comprising hardware 525 enabling it tocommunicate with host computer 510 and with UE 530. Hardware 525 mayinclude communication interface 526 for setting up and maintaining awired or wireless connection with an interface of a differentcommunication device of communication system 500, as well as radiointerface 527 for setting up and maintaining at least wirelessconnection 570 with UE 530 located in a coverage area (not shown in FIG.10) served by base station 520. Communication interface 526 may beconfigured to facilitate connection 560 to host computer 510. Connection560 may be direct, or it may pass through a core network (not shown inFIG. 10) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or moreintermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In theembodiment shown, hardware 525 of base station 520 further includesprocessing circuitry 528, which may comprise one or more programmableprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmablegate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to executeinstructions. Base station 520 further has software 521 storedinternally or accessible via an external connection.

Communication system 500 further includes UE 530 already referred to.Its hardware 535 may include radio interface 537 configured to set upand maintain wireless connection 570 with a base station serving acoverage area in which UE 530 is currently located. Hardware 535 of UE530 further includes processing circuitry 538, which may comprise one ormore programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits,field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown)adapted to execute instructions. UE 530 further comprises software 531,which is stored in or accessible by UE 530 and executable by processingcircuitry 538. Software 531 includes client application 532. Clientapplication 532 may be operable to provide a service to a human ornon-human user via UE 530, with the support of host computer 510. Inhost computer 510, an executing host application 512 may communicatewith the executing client application 532 via OTT connection 550terminating at UE 530 and host computer 510. In providing the service tothe user, client application 532 may receive request data from hostapplication 512 and provide user data in response to the request data.OTT connection 550 may transfer both the request data and the user data.Client application 532 may interact with the user to generate the userdata that it provides.

It is noted that host computer 510, base station 520 and UE 530illustrated in FIG. 10 may be similar or identical to host computer 430,one of base stations 412 a, 412 b, 412 c and one of UEs 491, 492 of FIG.3, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entitiesmay be as shown in FIG. 10 and independently, the surrounding networktopology may be that of FIG. 3.

In FIG. 10, OTT connection 550 has been drawn abstractly to illustratethe communication between host computer 510 and UE 530 via base station520, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and theprecise routing of messages via these devices. Network infrastructuremay determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from UE530 or from the service provider operating host computer 510, or both.While OTT connection 550 is active, the network infrastructure mayfurther take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing(e.g., based on load balancing consideration or reconfiguration of thenetwork).

Wireless connection 570 between UE 530 and base station 520 is inaccordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve theperformance of OTT services provided to UE 530 using OTT connection 550,in which wireless connection 570 forms the last segment. More precisely,the teachings of these embodiments may improve the signaling overheadand reduce latency, which may provide faster internet access for users.

A measurement procedure may be provided for monitoring data rate,latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguringOTT connection 550 between host computer 510 and UE 530, in response tovariations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/orthe network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 550 may beimplemented in software 511 and hardware 515 of host computer 510 or insoftware 531 and hardware 535 of UE 530, or both. In embodiments,sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association withcommunication devices through which OTT connection 550 passes; thesensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying valuesof the monitored quantities exemplified above or supplying values ofother physical quantities from which software 511, 531 may compute orestimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection550 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferredrouting etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station 520, and itmay be unknown or imperceptible to base station 520. Such procedures andfunctionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certainembodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signalingfacilitating host computer 510's measurements of throughput, propagationtimes, latency and the like. The measurements may be implemented in thatsoftware 511 and 531 causes messages to be transmitted, in particularempty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection 550 while it monitorspropagation times, errors etc.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 11will be included in this section.

In step 610, the host computer provides user data. In substep 611 (whichmay be optional) of step 610, the host computer provides the user databy executing a host application. In step 620, the host computerinitiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In step 630(which may be optional), the base station transmits to the UE the userdata which was carried in the transmission that the host computerinitiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments describedthroughout this disclosure. In step 640 (which may also be optional),the UE executes a client application associated with the hostapplication executed by the host computer.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 12will be included in this section.

In step 710 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In anoptional substep (not shown) the host computer provides the user data byexecuting a host application. In step 720, the host computer initiates atransmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may passvia the base station, in accordance with the teachings of theembodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 730 (which maybe optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 13will be included in this section.

In step 810 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data providedby the host computer. Additionally, or alternatively, in step 820, theUE provides user data. In substep 821 (which may be optional) of step820, the UE provides the user data by executing a client application. Insubstep 811 (which may be optional) of step 810, the UE executes aclient application which provides the user data in reaction to thereceived input data provided by the host computer. In providing the userdata, the executed client application may further consider user inputreceived from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which theuser data was provided, the UE initiates, in substep 830 (which may beoptional), transmission of the user data to the host computer. In step840 of the method, the host computer receives the user data transmittedfrom the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodimentsdescribed throughout this disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 13will be included in this section.

In step 910 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings ofthe embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base stationreceives user data from the UE. In step 920 (which may be optional), thebase station initiates transmission of the received user data to thehost computer. In step 930 (which may be optional), the host computerreceives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the basestation.

The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics,electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, forexample, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules,processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices,computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks,procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and soon, as such as those that are described herein.

Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems andapparatuses disclosed herein without departing from the scope of theinvention. The components of the systems and apparatuses may beintegrated or separated. Moreover, the operations of the systems andapparatuses may be performed by more, fewer, or other components.Additionally, operations of the systems and apparatuses may be performedusing any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, and/or otherlogic. As used in this document, “each” refers to each member of a setor each member of a subset of a set.

Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methodsdisclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. Themethods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps maybe performed in any suitable order.

The foregoing description sets forth numerous specific details. It isunderstood, however, that embodiments may be practiced without thesespecific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structuresand techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure theunderstanding of this description. Those of ordinary skill in the art,with the included descriptions, will be able to implement appropriatefunctionality without undue experimentation.

References in the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,”“an example embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment describedmay include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, butevery embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature,structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarilyreferring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature,structure, or characteristic is described in connection with anembodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of oneskilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, orcharacteristic in connection with other embodiments, whether or notexplicitly described.

Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certainembodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will beapparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the above descriptionof the embodiments does not constrain this disclosure. Other changes,substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from thescope of this disclosure, as defined by the claims below.

At least some of the following abbreviations may be used in thisdisclosure. If there is an inconsistency between abbreviations,preference should be given to how it is used above. If listed multipletimes below, the first listing should be preferred over any subsequentlisting(s).

-   -   1×RTT CDMA2000 1× Radio Transmission Technology    -   3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project    -   5G 5th Generation    -   ABS Almost Blank Subframe    -   ARQ Automatic Repeat Request    -   AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise    -   BCCH Broadcast Control Channel    -   BCH Broadcast Channel    -   CA Carrier Aggregation    -   CC Carrier Component    -   CCCH SDU Common Control Channel SDU    -   CDMA Code Division Multiplexing Access    -   CGI Cell Global Identifier    -   CIR Channel Impulse Response    -   CP Cyclic Prefix    -   CPICH Common Pilot Channel    -   CPICH Ec/No CPICH Received energy per chip divided by the power        density in the    -   band    -   CQI Channel Quality information    -   C-RNTI Cell RNTI    -   CSI Channel State Information    -   DCCH Dedicated Control Channel    -   DL Downlink    -   DM Demodulation    -   DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal    -   DRX Discontinuous Reception    -   DTX Discontinuous Transmission    -   DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel    -   DUT Device Under Test    -   E-CID Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method)    -   E-SMLC Evolved-Serving Mobile Location Centre    -   ECGI Evolved CGI    -   eNB E-UTRAN NodeB    -   ePDCCH enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel    -   E-SMLC evolved Serving Mobile Location Center    -   E-UTRA Evolved UTRA    -   E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN    -   FDD Frequency Division Duplex    -   GEO Geostationary Orbit    -   GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network    -   gNB Base station in NR    -   GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System    -   GPS Global Positioning System    -   GSM Global System for Mobile communication    -   HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request    -   HO Handover    -   HSPA High Speed Packet Access    -   HRPD High Rate Packet Data    -   LEO Low Earth Orbit    -   LOS Line of Sight    -   LPP LTE Positioning Protocol    -   LTE Long-Term Evolution    -   MAC Medium Access Control    -   MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services    -   MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency        Network    -   MBSFN ABS MBSFN Almost Blank Subframe    -   MDT Minimization of Drive Tests    -   MEO Medium Earth Orbit    -   MIB Master Information Block    -   MIMO Multiple-Input Multiple-Output    -   MME Mobility Management Entity    -   MSC Mobile Switching Center    -   NGSO Non-Geostationary Orbit    -   NPDCCH Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel    -   NR New Radio    -   NTN Non-Terrestrial Networks    -   OCNG OFDMA Channel Noise Generator    -   OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing    -   OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access    -   OSS Operations Support System    -   OTDOA Observed Time Difference of Arrival    -   O&M Operation and Maintenance    -   PA Power Amplifier    -   PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel    -   P-CCPCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel    -   PCell Primary Cell    -   PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel    -   PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel    -   PDP Profile Delay Profile    -   PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel    -   PGW Packet Gateway    -   PHICH Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel    -   PLMN Public Land Mobile Network    -   PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator    -   PRACH Physical Random Access Channel    -   PRS Positioning Reference Signal    -   PSS Primary Synchronization Signal    -   PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel    -   PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel    -   RA Random Access    -   RACH Random Access Channel    -   QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation    -   RAN Radio Access Network    -   RAT Radio Access Technology    -   RLM Radio Link Management    -   RNC Radio Network Controller    -   RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier    -   RRC Radio Resource Control    -   RRM Radio Resource Management    -   RS Reference Signal    -   RSCP Received Signal Code Power    -   RSRP Reference Symbol Received Power OR Reference Signal        Received Power    -   RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality OR Reference Symbol        Received Quality    -   RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator    -   RSTD Reference Signal Time Difference    -   SCH Synchronization Channel    -   SCell Secondary Cell    -   SDU Service Data Unit    -   SFN System Frame Number    -   SGW Serving Gateway    -   SI System Information    -   SIB System Information Block    -   SNR Signal to Noise Ratio    -   SON Self Optimized Network    -   SRI SRS resource indicator    -   SRS Sounding Reference Signal    -   SS Synchronization Signal    -   SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal    -   TDD Time Division Duplex    -   TDOA Time Difference of Arrival    -   TFRE Time Frequency Resource Element    -   TOA Time of Arrival    -   TPC Transmit Power Control    -   TPMI Transmit Precoder Matrix Indicator    -   TRI Transmission Rank Indicator    -   TRP Transmit Reception Point    -   TSS Tertiary Synchronization Signal    -   TTI Transmission Time Interval    -   UE User Equipment    -   UL Uplink    -   UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System    -   USIM Universal Subscriber Identity Module    -   UTDOA Uplink Time Difference of Arrival    -   UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access    -   UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network    -   WCDMA Wide CDMA    -   WLAN Wide Local Area Network

1. A method performed by a wireless device for transmitting on aplurality of antennas, the method comprising: signaling, to a networknode, a wireless device power transmission capability, wherein thewireless device power transmission capability identifies a power ratiovalue of a plurality of power ratio values that the wireless devicesupports for transmission of a physical uplink channel, wherein eachvalue of the plurality of power ratio values corresponds to atransmission power capability and to a number of antenna ports, andwherein a power ratio refers to a ratio relative to a maximum power thewireless device is rated to transmit; and transmitting a physical uplinkchannel using the number of antenna ports with a power scaled at leastby the power ratio value.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprisingscaling a transmission power for the physical uplink channel based onthe number of antenna ports associated with the power ratio value. 3.The method of claim 2, wherein the scaling is limited so that the scaledtransmission power does not exceed the maximum value the wireless deviceis rated to transmit.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the scaling isby a factor${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}},$wherein Δ(k) is a power ratio value and a real positive real number,N_(nz) is a number of antenna ports with non-zero transmission powerused to transmit the physical uplink channel, and N_(SRS) is a number ofantenna ports and a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports inan SRS resource with index k configured to the wireless device.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the transmission power capability identifiesa plurality of power ratio values, each associated with a number ofphysical uplink channel layers, a precoder to be used to transmit thephysical uplink channel, and the number of antenna ports.
 6. The methodof claim 1, wherein the transmission power capability identifies aplurality of power ratio values, each associated with a different numberof antenna ports.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmissionpower capability corresponds to a codebook subset, the subset identifiedas containing at least one of fully and partial and non-coherentprecoders, partial and non-coherent precoders, and non-coherentprecoders.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission powercapability further comprises a second power ratio of the plurality ofpower ratio values and a precoder that the wireless device may use forphysical uplink channel transmission with the power scaled by the secondpower ratio and with the number of antenna ports.
 9. A wireless devicecapable of transmitting on a plurality of antennas, the wireless devicecomprising processing circuitry operable to: signal, to a network node,a wireless device power transmission capability, wherein the wirelessdevice power transmission capability identifies a power ratio value of aplurality of power ratio values that the wireless device supports fortransmission of a physical uplink channel, wherein each value of theplurality of power ratio values corresponds to a transmission powercapability and to a number of antenna ports, and wherein a power ratiorefers to a ratio relative to a maximum power the wireless device israted to transmit; and transmit a physical uplink channel using thenumber of antenna ports with a power scaled at least by the power ratiovalue.
 10. The wireless device of claim 9, the processing circuitryfurther operable to scale a transmission power for the physical uplinkchannel based on the number of antenna ports associated with the powerratio value.
 11. The wireless device of claim 10, wherein the scaling islimited so that the scaled transmission power does not exceed themaximum value the wireless device is rated to transmit.
 12. The wirelessdevice of claim 11, wherein the scaling is by a factor${{\delta (k)} = {\min \left( {1,\frac{N_{nz} \cdot {\Delta (k)}}{N_{srs}}} \right)}},$wnerein Δ(k) is a power ratio value and a real positive real number,N_(nz) is a number of antenna ports with non-zero transmission powerused to transmit the physical uplink channel, and N_(SRS) is a number ofantenna ports and a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports inan SRS resource with index k configured to the wireless device.
 13. Thewireless device of claim 9, wherein the transmission power capabilityidentifies a plurality of power ratio values, each associated with anumber of physical uplink channel layers, a precoder to be used totransmit the physical uplink channel, and the number of antenna ports.14. The wireless device of claim 9, wherein the transmission powercapability identifies a plurality of power ratio values, each associatedwith a different number of antenna ports.
 15. The wireless device ofclaim 9, wherein the transmission power capability corresponds to acodebook subset, the subset identified as containing at least one offully and partial and non-coherent precoders, partial and non-coherentprecoders, and non-coherent precoders.
 16. The wireless device of claim9, wherein the transmission power capability further comprises a secondpower ratio of the plurality of power ratio values and a precoder thatthe wireless device may use for physical uplink channel transmissionwith the power scaled by the second power ratio and with the number ofantenna ports.
 17. A method performed by a wireless device fortransmitting on a plurality of antennas, the method comprising:receiving an indication of a precoder to be used to transmit a physicaluplink channel, wherein the precoder is one precoder of a set ofprecoders, each precoder in the set of precoders is a matrix or vectorcomprising an equal number of non-zero elements, a first precoder in theset of precoders is able to be associated with a first power scalingvalue or a second power scaling value, and a second precoder in the setof precoders is only able to be associated with the second power scalingvalue; and transmitting a layer i of an L layer physical uplink channelat a power P_(i) according to the first or second power scaling valueassociated with the precoder.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein: thefirst power scaling value is P_(i)=P/L, where P is the total power to beused for physical uplink channel transmission, and the second powerscaling value is P_(i)=PR/L, where R=M/K, M is a number of antenna portswith non-zero physical uplink channel transmission, and K is one of: amaximum number of physical uplink channel layers supported by thewireless device, a number of antenna ports used in a codebook configuredfor the wireless device, a maximum rank configured to the wirelessdevice, and a number of sounding reference signal (SRS) ports configuredto the wireless device for one or both of codebook and non-codebookbased operation.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein each precoder inthe set of precoders associated with the second power scaling valuecontains a non-zero magnitude element corresponding to an antenna portshared by the precoders associated with the second power scaling value.20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: transmitting a firstreference signal corresponding to the antenna port shared by theprecoders associated with the second power scaling value using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting at least at the maximum power thewireless device is rated to transmit, and transmitting a secondreference signal corresponding to a second antenna port using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting less than maximum power the wirelessdevice is rated to transmit, wherein the second antenna port isdifferent from the antenna port shared by the precoders associated withthe second power scaling value.
 21. A wireless device capable oftransmitting on a plurality of antennas, the wireless device comprisingprocessing circuitry operable to: receive an indication of a precoder tobe used to transmit a physical uplink channel, wherein the precoder isone precoder of a set of precoders, each precoder in the set ofprecoders is a matrix or vector comprising an equal number of non-zeroelements, a first precoder in the set of precoders is able to beassociated with a first power scaling value or a second power scalingvalue, and a second precoder in the set of precoders is only able to beassociated with the second power scaling value; and transmit a layer iof an L layer physical uplink channel at a power P_(i) according to thefirst or second power scaling value associated with the precoder. 22.The wireless device of claim 21, wherein: the first power scaling valueis P_(i)=P/L, where P is the total power to be used for physical uplinkchannel transmission, and the second power scaling value is P_(i)=PR/L,where R=M/K, M is a number of antenna ports with non-zero physicaluplink channel transmission, and K is one of: a maximum number ofphysical uplink channel layers supported by the wireless device, anumber of antenna ports used in a codebook configured for the wirelessdevice, a maximum rank configured to the wireless device, and a numberof sounding reference signal (SRS) ports configured to the wirelessdevice for one or both of codebook and non-codebook based operation. 23.The wireless device of claim 21, wherein each precoder in the set ofprecoders associated with the second power scaling value contains anon-zero magnitude element corresponding to an antenna port shared bythe precoders associated with the second power scaling value.
 24. Thewireless device of claim 23, the processing circuitry further operableto: transmit a first reference signal corresponding to the antenna portshared by the precoders associated with the second power scaling valueusing a power amplifier capable of transmitting at least at the maximumpower the wireless device is rated to transmit, and transmit a secondreference signal corresponding to a second antenna port using a poweramplifier capable of transmitting less than maximum power the wirelessdevice is rated to transmit, wherein the second antenna port isdifferent from the antenna port shared by the precoders associated withthe second power scaling value.